TIC TAC TOE
Tic-tac-toe, noughts and crosses, or Xs and Os is a paper-and-pencil game for two players, X and O, who take turns marking the spaces in a 3×3 grid. The player who succeeds in placing three of their marks in a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row is the winner. | |
| Tic Tac Toe |
CHESS
Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 gridThe game is played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is believed to be derived from the Indian game chaturanga sometime before the 7th century. Chaturanga is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi (Chinese chess), janggi (Korean chess), and shogi (Japanese chess). Chess reached Europe by the 9th century, due to the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The pieces assumed their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century; the modern rules were standardized in the 19th century.
Play involves no hidden information. Each player begins with
16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight
pawns. Each piece type moves differently, with the most powerful being the
queen and the least powerful the pawn. The objective is to checkmatethe
opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. To this
end, a player's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces,
while supporting each other. During the game, play typically involves
exchanging pieces for the opponent's similar pieces, and finding and
engineering opportunities to trade advantageously or to get a better position.
In addition to checkmate, a player wins the game if the opponent resigns, or
(in a timed game) runs out of time. There are also several ways that a game can
end in a draw.
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| Chess |
SUDOKU
Sudoku originally called Number Place) is a logic-based,
combinatorialnumber-placement puzzle. The objective is to fill a 9×9 grid with
digits so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3×3 subgrids that
compose the grid (also called "boxes", "blocks", or
"regions") contain all of the digits from 1 to 9. The puzzle setter
provides a partially completed grid, which for a well-posed puzzle has a single
solution.
Completed games are always a type of Latin square with an
additional constraint on the contents of individual regions. For example, the
same single integer may not appear twice in the same row, column, or any of the
nine 3×3 subregions of the 9×9 playing board.
French newspapers featured variations of the Sudoku puzzles
in the 19th century, and the puzzle has appeared since 1979 in puzzle books
under the name Number Place. However, the modern Sudoku only started to become
mainstream in 1986 by the Japanese puzzle company Nikoli, under the name Sudoku,
meaning "single number".It first appeared in a U.S. newspaper and
then The Times (London) in 2004, from the efforts of Wayne Gould, who devised a
computer program to rapidly produce distinct puzzles.
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| Sudoku |
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